Depression and self-care in diabetes; adjustment for misclassification bias: application of predictive weighting method.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association between depression and self-care in diabetic patients potentially influenced by biases in depression measurement using weighting the positive and negative predictive values. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 1050 patients informedly consented to participate in the study. Using a WHO-5 well-being index, the participants were examined for depressive mood as exposure. The sensitivity and specificity of this index in a systematic review study were 0.86 and 0.81, respectively. Self-care (that is outcome) was assessed using the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire. To correct the misclassification bias of exposure, the predictive weighting method was used in the multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for covariates. Bootstrap sample with replacement and simulation was used to deal with random error. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 42.8 ± 7.5 years. In this study, 70.1% of diabetic patients (n = 720) were depressed based on the questionnaire score and only 52.7% (n = 541) of them had appropriate self-care behaviors. Our study revealed a close relationship between self-care and covariates such as gender, depression, having comorbidities, abdominal obesity, economic status and education. The odds ratio of the association between depressive mood and lack of self-care in primary multivariable logistic regression was 2.21 (95% CI: 1.62-3.00, p < 0.001) and after misclassification bias adjusting, it was equal to 3.4 (95% CI: 1.7-6.6, p < 0.001). The OR percentage of bias was - 0.55. CONCLUSION: After adjusting for depression misclassification bias and random error, the observed association between depression and self-care was stronger. According to our findings, psychiatric interventions, and counseling and education along with self-care interventions are necessary for these patients. Special attention should be paid to male, low economic classes, less educated and those having a history of comorbidities along with psychological assessment when improving the care and progress of treatment in diabetic patients is expected. Future studies are needed to clarify the role of other psychological disorders on self-care of diabetics.

The relationship between psychological resilience and quality of life among the Chinese diabetes patients: the mediating role of stigma and the moderating role of empowerment.

BACKGROUND: Although some factors, such as stigma and empowerment, influence the complex relationship between psychological resilience and quality of life, few studies have explored similar psychological mechanisms among patients with diabetes. Therefore, this study explored the mediating role of stigma and the moderating role of empowerment in the psychological mechanisms by which psychological resilience affects quality of life. METHODS: From June to September 2022, data were collected by multi-stage stratified sampling and random number table method. Firstly, six tertiary hospitals in Wuhu were numbered and then selected using the random number table method, resulting in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College being selected. Secondly, two departments were randomly selected from this hospital: endocrinology and geriatrics. Thirdly, survey points were set up in each department, and T2DM patients were randomly selected for questionnaire surveys. In addition, we used the Connor-Davidson Elasticity Scale (CD-RISC) to measure the psychological resilience of patients, and used the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness (SSCI) to measure stigma. Empowerment was measured by the Diabetes Empowerment Scale (DES). Quality of Life was assessed by the Diabetes Quality of Life Scale (DQoL). We used SPSS (version 21) and PROCESS (version 4.1) for data analysis. RESULTS: (1) Psychological resilience was negatively correlated with stigma and quality of life, and positively correlated with empowerment. Stigma was positively associated with empowerment and quality of life. Empowerment was negatively correlated with quality of life. (2) The mediation analysis showed that psychological resilience had a direct predictive effect on the quality of life, and stigma partially mediated the relationship; Empowerment moderates the first half of "PR → stigma → quality of life"; Empowerment moderates the latter part of "PR → stigma → quality of life." CONCLUSIONS: Under the mediating effect of stigma, psychological resilience can improve quality of life. Empowerment has a moderating effect on the relationship between psychological resilience and stigma, and it also has a moderating effect on the relationship between stigma and quality of life. These results facilitate the understanding of the relationship mechanisms between psychological resilience and quality of life.

The relationship between stigma and psychological distress among people with diabetes: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Diabetes may perceive or experience varying degrees of stigma and psychological distress. The association between diabetes-related stigma and psychological distress has been examined in many studies, but no research has used a quantitative synthesis method to investigate the severity of this association and the moderators of the relationship. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively integrate previous findings to identify the magnitude of the association between stigma and psychological distress among people with diabetes. REVIEW METHODS: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, we systematically searched four English academic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO) and three Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], WANFANG Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database [VIP]). The databases were searched from the inception of each database to the end of March 2023. The pooled correlation coefficient of the association between stigma and psychological distress among people with diabetes was calculated by a random effects model using Stata software (version 17.0), and several moderators that impacted this relationship were identified. RESULTS: Eligible studies (N = 19) with a total of 12,777 participants were analysed. The pooled correlation was high between diabetes-related stigma and psychological distress (r = 0.50, 95% CI: [0.43-0.57]). Moreover, the association was moderated by the diabetes stigma measurement tools and diabetes distress measurement tools used. However, the relationship was not moderated by type of diabetes, age, gender, geographical location, or type of stigma. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the meta-analysis showed that stigma is strongly related to psychological distress among people with diabetes. Longitudinal or experimental research should be expanded in the future to further identify the causal pathways in the relationship between diabetes stigma and diabetes distress.

Machine learning-based identification and related features of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: A cross-sectional study.

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are twice as likely as nondiabetic individuals to develop depression, which is a prevalent but often undiagnosed psychiatric comorbidity. Patients with DM who are depressed have poor glycemic control, worse quality of life, increased risk of diabetic complications, and higher mortality rate. The present study aimed to develop machine learning (ML) models that identify depression in patients with DM, determine the best performing model by evaluating multiple ML algorithms, and investigate features related to depression. We developed six ML models, including random forest, K-nearest neighbor, support vector machine (SVM), Adaptive Boosting, light gradient-boosting machine, and Extreme Gradient Boosting, based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The results showed that the SVM model performed well, with a cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.835 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.730-0.901). Thirteen features were related to depression in patients with DM. Permutation feature importance showed that the most important feature was subjective health status, followed by level of general stress awareness; stress recognition rate; average monthly income; triglyceride (mg/dL) level; activity restriction status; European quality of life (EuroQoL): usual activity and lying in a sickbed in the past 1 month; EuroQoL: pain / discomfort, self-care, and physical discomfort in the last 2 weeks; and EuroQoL: mobility and chewing problems. The current findings may offer clinicians a better understanding of the relationship between DM and depression using ML approaches and may be an initial step toward developing a more predictive model for the early detection of depressive symptoms in patients with DM.

Hostility and prevalent diabetes among black adults: The Jackson Heart Study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The relationship between hostility and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among black adults was investigated using the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) cohort. We hypothesized that Cook-Medley Hostility scores will be positively related with the prevalence of DM. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 3232 black adults who completed at least one question for each of the three subscales of the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale and had data available regarding DM status were included. Using multivariate logistic regression, we studied the cross-sectional relationship between the overall Total Cook-Medley Hostility scores and individual subscales, hostile affect (n = 3232), aggression (n = 3119) and cynical distrust (n = 3085), with prevalent DM, adjusting for known DM confounders. Our population was 36% male with a mean age of 53.5 ± 0.9 years. In risk-factor adjusted models, each point higher in the overall Total Cook-Medley Hostility scores was associated with increased odds of having DM [Adjusted OR 1.02, 95%CI 1.00-1.04, P = 0.03]. Higher scores of cynicism were independently associated with prevalent DM [Adjusted OR 1.04, 95%CI 1.01-1.07, p = 0.021]. CONCLUSIONS: There was a positive relationship between overall hostility levels and prevalent DM. Future studies should investigate the extent to which additional social determinants may impact the relationship between hostile affect and prevalent DM.

Psychosocial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Racially/Ethnically Diverse Youth With Diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined caregiver perceived impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on a diverse sample of U.S. youth with diabetes and their families. METHODS: Caregivers of youth with diabetes completed an electronic survey in English or Spanish at two sites. Participants provided demographic and disease characteristics and completed the COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact Scales (CEFIS). Glycemic health was assessed via Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from medical chart review. Analysis of variance and analyses of covariance were utilized to examine racial/ethnic differences in glycemic health and in COVID-19 Exposure, Impact, and Distress scales. Hierarchical linear regression was conducted to predict HbA1c. Thematic analysis was conducted on open-ended responses regarding the effects of COVID-19 on youth and families' overall and diabetes-related well-being. RESULTS: Caregivers (n = 114) of youth with diabetes (M = 12.6 ± 3.5 years) completed study measures. Mean HbA1c for Non-Hispanic White youth was lowest and significantly different from Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black youth. Exposure to COVID-19 stressors differed by race/ethnicity (p < .05) with Hispanic caregivers reporting greatest exposure. CEFIS scales did not predict HbA1c after controlling for demographic/disease variables. Caregivers described child/family changes during COVID (e.g., more time together, health-related hypervigilance), as well as differences in diabetes management during COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate differences in COVID-19 exposure but did not demonstrate other racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 impact or distress. Household income was the most important predictor of glycemic health. Addressing structural inequalities experienced by youth with diabetes and their families is critical. Recommendations to support families with diabetes are made.

Dietary self-care and associated factors among diabetic patients in Jimma University Medical Centre, South West Ethiopia; A path analysis.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disorder that caused about 4.2 million deaths and at least 760 billion dollars' expenditure in 2019, has been targeted for action by leaders of WHO member countries. In Ethiopia deaths, due to DM reached 34,262 in 2013. Studies show effective lifestyle interventions; particularly medical nutrition therapy reduces HbA1c by 0.5 to 2%. However, practicing recommended diet is reported to be difficult. Not only Knowledge and practice but also perception studies are therefore necessary to design future health programs. OBJECTIVE: To assess diabetic self-care, dietary practice and associated factors among diabetes patients. METHOD: Institution-basedbased cross-sectional study design was employed from february15-May15, 2020 in Jimma university medical Centre (JUMC). Systematic sampling of every other patient (K = 2.7) was employed to interview 371 participants. A previously validated tool was used to collect data through a face-to-face interview. A path analysis was used to fit the structural model and tests the hypothesized Health Belief Model (HBM) relationships. RESULT: Response rate was 95.4% (354). Around 52% of the participants were male and 76.8% follow diabetic education at least some times. 42.4% and 48% of respondents have good dietary and general self-care practices respectively. With unstandardized coefficient (standard error) self-efficacy0.10 (0.01) being the strongest cues to action0.10 (0.02), perceived threat0.02 (0.01), and perceived barrier-0.08(0.01) constructs of HBM have a significant effect on dietary practice. Knowledge, social support and diabetes distress exert a significant indirect effect on dietary practice through health belief constructs with unstandardized path coefficient (standard error) of 0.22(0.03), 0.02(0.01), and -0.03(0.004) respectively. CONCLUSION: In this study, the proportion of good practice is found to be lower for both dietary as well as general self-care. HBM can best fit to explain variability in dietary self-care practice; therefore, future interventions should be designed to address the vast perception and psychosocial factors influencing dietary self-care practices.

Depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between diabetes and cognitive performance in a community-based sample of older adults.

AIMS: To evaluate whether diabetes and prediabetes are associated with impaired cognitive performance among older adults and examine depressive symptoms as a mediator. METHODS: We used cross-sectional data from the Einstein Aging Study, a systematically recruited, community-based cohort study of diverse older adults (N = 794; Age Mean (SD) = 78.9 (5.3); 64.4% Non-Hispanic White, 28.7% Non-Hispanic Black, 5.7% Hispanic). Diabetes status was established via self-reported diagnosis, prescribed medications, and fasting blood glucose. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale. Cognitive tests included Digit Symbol, Trails-B, Free Recall, Category Fluency, Boston Naming, and Block Design. Linear regression and mediation analyses were applied. RESULTS: Compared to those without diabetes, diabetes was associated with worse performance on all cognitive tests (ps < 0.05), except Trails-B (p = 0.53), and increased depressive symptoms (p < 0.01). For diabetes, mediation via increased depressive symptoms was observed for Free Recall (p = 0.044), Category Fluency (p = 0.033), and Boston Naming (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes was consistently associated with worse cognitive performance and increased depressive symptoms among this older cohort, while prediabetes was not. Mediation findings suggest depressive symptoms may be a biobehavioral pathway linking diabetes and cognition, though the temporal sequence is unclear. If causal, addressing both diabetes and depressive symptoms among older adults may protect cognitive function.

Asociación entre enfermedades cardiometabólicas y depresión en un hospital de referencia peruano / Association between cardiometabolic diseases and depression in a Peruvian reference hospital

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se ha postulado la relación entre la presencia de enfermedades cardiometabólicas con problemas de salud mental, en particular la depresión. OBJETIVOS: Determinar la asociación entre la presencia de enfermedades cardiometabólicas y la presencia de sintomatología depresiva evaluada mediante el cuestionario PHQ-9 en pacientes atendidos en consultorios externos de medicina interna del Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unanue. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio observacional, analítico, transversal. Se definió enfermedad cardiometabólica como la presencia de diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia, y/u obesidad. Se utilizó el cuestionario PHQ-9 para evaluar la presencia de síntomas sugerentes de depresión. Se evaluó la asociación cruda y ajustada a posibles confusores. Para el análisis multivariado se utilizó un modelo de regresión de Poisson para hallar razones de prevalencia con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95%. Se consideró un p<0,05 como estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 252 pacientes, de los que 205 (81,4%) presentaron enfermedades cardiometabólicas y 181 (71,9%) presentaron síntomas consistentes con algún grado de depresión. La presencia de enfermedades cardiometabólicas se asoció a síntomas depresivos tanto en el análisis crudo (RPc 1,43; IC 95% 1,08-1,89; p=0,012) como en el ajustado (RPa 1,31; IC 95% 1,00-1,71; p=0,048). Adicionalmente se encontró asociación entre el sexo femenino y sintomatología depresiva (RPa 1,35; IC 95% 1,11-1,63; p=0,002). CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de enfermedades cardiometabólicas se asoció con la presencia de síntomas depresivos en pacientes atendidos en la consulta externa de medicina interna. El abordaje de la salud mental debe ser parte integral del manejo multidisciplinario del paciente con enfermedad cardiometabólica.

INTRODUCTION: It has been postulated the relationship between presence of cardiometabolic diseases with mental health problems, particularly depression. Objectives: To determine the association between cardiometabolic diseases and presence of depressive symptoms, evaluated by PHQ-9 questionnaire, in patients attended at the outpatient clinic of internal medicine service at Hospital Nacional Hipolito Unanue. METHODS: Observational analytical cross-sectional study. Cardiometabolic disease was defined as the presence of diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and/or obesity. The PHQ-9 questionnaire was used to evaluate the presence of symptoms suggestive of depression. The association was evaluated crude and adjusted for possible confounders. For the multivariate analysis, a Poisson regression model was used to find prevalence ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: 252 patients were included, of which 205 (81,4%) presented cardiometabolic diseases and 181 (71,9%) presented symptoms consistent with some grade of depression. The presence of cardiometabolic diseases was associated with depressive symptoms both in the crude analysis (PRc 1.43; CI 95% 1.08-1.89; p=0.012) and in the adjusted one (PRa 1.31; CI 95% 1.00-1.71; p=0.048). Additionally, an association was found between female sex and depressive symptoms (PRa 1,35; CI 95% 1,11-1,63; p=0,002). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of cardiometabolic diseases was associated with the presence of depressive symptoms in patients seen at the outpatient clinic of internal medicine. The mental health approach should be an integral part of the multidisciplinary management for the patient with cardiometabolic disease.

Navigating Diabetes Online Communities in Clinical Practice.

OBJECTIVE: This purpose of this study was to conduct a rapid review and environmental scan of diabetes online communities (DOCs) to highlight the clinical impact of DOC engagement and provide guidance to health care providers for navigating and prescribing DOCs. METHODS: This two-phase review included a rapid review of clinical outcomes and an assessment of DOC content. We conducted a literature search for studies evaluating DOC use and glucometric (glycated hemoglobin [A1C], time-in-range, hypoglycemia), behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes. The environmental scan of current DOC sites established key features, including available platforms, target population, content areas, and reach. RESULTS: Twelve papers were included-eight reported DOC use within a context of do-it-yourself (DIY) noncommercial, opensource hybrid closed loop systems community and four were non-DYI related. In latter, all studies were cross-sectional, describing patient-reported outcomes. Two studies reported A1C lowering with DOC use, two DOC use was associated with high self-efficacy, one showed association with higher self-care levels, and one showed higher quality of life scores when compared with population norms. All DIY studies showed improvement in glucometrics after initiation of sensor augmented pump technology with DOC support. Of 54 DOC sites reviewed in the environmental scan, 29 were included. Diabetes online community sites were heterogenous in social media platform and type of diabetes targeted. CONCLUSION: Diabetes online communities have the potential to improve clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes. Randomized control trials and/or longitudinal prospective studies evaluating outcomes are needed to further examine the potential benefits of DOC use. Diabetes online communities are diverse and span a variety of social media platforms, providing clinicians opportunities to individualize recommendations for DOC use.

Association of perceived stress and coping strategies with the renal function in middle-aged and older Japanese men and women.

Elucidating the risk factors for chronic kidney disease is important for preventing end-stage renal disease and reducing mortality. However, little is known about the roles of psychosocial stress and stress coping behaviors in deterioration of the renal function, as measured by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). This cross-sectional study of middle-aged and older Japanese men (n = 31,703) and women (n = 38,939) investigated whether perceived stress and coping strategies (emotional expression, emotional support seeking, positive reappraisal, problem solving, and disengagement) were related to the eGFR, with mutual interactions. In multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for age, area, lifestyle factors, and psychosocial variables, we found a significant inverse association between perceived stress and the eGFR in men (Ptrend = 0.02), but not women. This male-specific inverse association was slightly attenuated after adjustment for the history of hypertension and diabetes and was more evident in lower levels of emotional expression (Pinteraction = 0.003). Unexpectedly, problem solving in men (Ptrend < 0.001) and positive reappraisal in women (Ptrend = 0.002) also showed an inverse association with the eGFR. Perceived stress may affect the eGFR, partly through the development of hypertension and diabetes. The unexpected findings regarding coping strategies require the clarification of the underlying mechanisms, including the hormonal and immunological aspects.

Saúde mental de pessoas com diabetes no período da pandemia de COVID-19: revisão integrativa / Mental health of people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic period: integrative review

Objetivo: Analisar estudos sobre a saúde mental de pessoas com diabetes no período da pandemia de COVID-19. Método:Revisão integrativa da literatura, com busca e seleção nas bases de dados MEDLINE via PubMed®, CINAHL-Ebsco, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO e Cochrane. Foram incluídos sete estudos primários, disponíveis na íntegra, sem delimitação temporal ou de idioma. Resultados: A pandemia da COVID-19 impactou negativamente na saúde mental de pessoas com diabetes, prevalecendo o desenvolvimento e a intensificação dos sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e estresse. Outros desfechos avaliados evidenciaram associação entre as medidas de isolamento adotadas para controle da infecção, o sofrimento psicológico e a presença de preocupações. Conclusão: Foi evidenciado que a pandemia da COVID-19 afetou substancialmente a saúde mental de indivíduos com diabetes, sendo o distanciamento social, o medo do contágio, os distúrbios do sono e da alimentação e as preocupações com familiares determinantes para maior prevalência de sofrimento mental

Objective: To analyze studies on the mental health of people with diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Method:Integrative literature review with search and selection in the following databases: MEDLINE via PubMed®, CINAHL-Ebsco, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane. Seven primary studies available in full without temporal or language delimitation were included. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the mental health of people with diabetes. The development and intensification of anxiety, depression and stress symptoms prevailed. Other outcomes evaluated showed an association between the isolation measures adopted to control the infection, psychological distress and the presence of concerns.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic substantially affected the mental health of individuals with diabetes. Social distancing, fear of contagion, sleep and eating disorders and concerns with family members were determinants of a higher prevalence of mental suffering.

Screening and counseling for nicotine use in youth with diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To assess current practice patterns and identify knowledge gaps among pediatric endocrinologists in the United States regarding screening and counseling for combustible tobacco and e-cigarette use in youth with diabetes. INTRODUCTION: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are the most used tobacco product among adolescents and may be associated with an increased risk of progression to combustible cigarette smoking, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Diabetes mellitus is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and nicotine products can increase this risk. We sought to assess current practice patterns and identify knowledge gaps among pediatric endocrinologists in the United States regarding screening and counseling for combustible tobacco and e-cigarette use in youth with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted an anonymous, online-based survey of Pediatric Endocrine Society members who provide care to youth with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. The survey collected information about provider demographics and smoking habits, knowledge and attitudes regarding screening and counseling for combustible tobacco and e-cigarette use, and current practice patterns. RESULTS: The survey was completed by 106 individuals of whom 64 reported providing care to youth with diabetes mellitus and ever asking about combustible tobacco or e-cigarette use. The majority of respondents were female, attending providers, and working in academic medical centers. None reported a history of formal training in e-cigarette counseling but recognized the harms of e-cigarette use. Nearly all (98%) who ever screen for nicotine use reported routinely screening for combustible tobacco use, while 18% never screen for e-cigarette use (p < 0.01). Over 80% of respondents reported feeling confident or very confident about discussing the harms of combustible tobacco, compared to 58% reporting the same confidence in discussing harms of e-cigarette use (p < 0.0001). Over 90% of respondents agreed that pediatric endocrinology providers should ask about nicotine use with over half agreeing that counseling reduces the risk of initiating nicotine product use, and 30% reported lack of change with counseling as a barrier to discussing nicotine use. Lack of visit time was the most reported barrier to discussing nicotine use. More providers cited lack of knowledge regarding e-cigarettes compared to combustible tobacco as a barrier to discussing its use. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric endocrinology providers recognize the harms of e-cigarette use, but more frequently ask about combustible tobacco use compared to e-cigarette use. This may be related to lower reported confidence and provider knowledge in counseling about e-cigarette use. Increased utilization of existing resources and expanding opportunities for providers to learn more about e-cigarettes may increase provider confidence and comfort in screening and counseling.

Diabetes, disability, and dementia risk: Results from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (H-EPESE).

BACKGROUND: Emerging research has elucidated pathophysiological relationships among diabetes, disability, cognitive impairment, and incident dementia. However, the relationships between diabetes, disability, and dementia have been largely underexamined in Latino populations, which have a disproportionate prevalence of diabetes and its complications. AIMS: This study examines diabetes as a risk factor for subsequent disability and dementia risk in a Mexican-origin older adult sample. METHODS: The data are drawn from eight waves (1993-2013) of the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (HEPESE; N = 3,050, mean age at baseline = 73.6 (±6.8)). Respondents' diabetes status at baseline was ascertained by self-report. Disability was assessed using eight functional domains assessed through the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale. Dementia risk was assessed using a Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) score below 18 and the need for aid with at least two IADLs. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to predict the relation between diabetes and time to disability, cognitive impairment, and incident dementia, adjusting for age at migration, socioeconomic status, acculturation, and health status. RESULTS: At baseline, diabetes prevalence was 28.1%, and 37.7% had IADL disability. Diabetes was associated with a higher risk of developing dementia (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.22, p < .001) over the approximetely 20 year study period. In addition, immigrants who migrated at age 50 or older had a higher dementia risk (HR = 1.35, p = .01) when compared to their US-born counterpart. CONCLUSION: Our results highlight the importance of better characterizing the role of diabetes and nativity in the co-occurrence of disability and dementia risk.

Voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer's disease utility as a screening tool for unrecognized cognitive dysfunction of elderly patients in diabetes outpatient clinics: Multicenter retrospective exploratory study.

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: An efficient screening strategy for identification of cognitive dysfunction remains a clinical issue in the management of elderly adults with diabetes. A magnetic resonance imaging voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer's disease (VSRAD) has been developed as an automated brain morphometry system that includes the hippocampus. We carried out a multicenter retrospective study to evaluate the utility of VSRAD for screening cognitive dysfunction in diabetes outpatient clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled patients with diabetes aged >65 years who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scans for the purpose of a medical checkup between November 2018 and May 2019. Patients who were already suspected or diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and/or dementia as well as those with a history of cerebrovascular disease were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 67 patients were enrolled. Five patients were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment or dementia (clinical cognitive dysfunction). Patients with clinical cognitive dysfunction showed a significantly higher z-score in VSRAD analysis (2.57 ± 0.47 vs 1.15 ± 0.55, P < 0.01). The sensitivities and specificities for diagnosis of clinical cognitive dysfunction were 80 and 48% for the Mini-Mental State Examination, 100 and 89% for the z-score, and 100 and 90% for the combination of the Mini-Mental State Examination score and z-score, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: VSRAD analysis can distinguish patients with clinical cognitive dysfunction in the elderly with diabetes, and also shows reasonable sensitivity and specificity compared with the Mini-Mental State Examination alone. Thus, VSRAD analysis can be useful for early identification of clinical cognitive dysfunction in the elderly with diabetes.

Prevalência de sofrimento mental em pessoas com diabetes mellitus durante a pandemia de Covid-19 / Prevalence of mental distress in people with diabetes mellitus during the Covid-19 pandemic / Prevalencia de angustia mental en personas con diabetes mellitus durante la pandemia Covid-19

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de sofrimento mental em pessoas com diabetes mellitus durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Método: estudo transversal, de caráter exploratório, com amostra de 111 pessoas com diabetes. Na coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário de sintomas denominado Self Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20). A análise de dados foi realizada por meio da estatística descritiva. Resultados: a prevalência de sofrimento mental entre as pessoas com diabetes foi de 37,8%. No grupo de humor depressivo-ansioso, os sintomas mais prevalentes demonstraram que 64% dos diabéticos se sentiram nervosos, tensos ou preocupados. Quanto ao decréscimo de energia vital,51,4% dos diabéticos se cansaram com facilidade. Para os sintomas somáticos, identificou-se que 30,6% apresentaram sensações desagradáveis no estômago. Quanto aos pensamentos depressivos, verificou-se que 31,5% tiveram dificuldade para tomar decisões. Conclusão: recomenda-se a criação de estratégias e linhas integrais de cuidados que minimizem os impactos psicossociais causados pela pandemia da COVID-19 neste segmento populacional.

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of mental distress in people with diabetes mellitus during the Covid-19 pandemic. Method:cross-sectional, exploratory study with a sample of 111 people with diabetes. For data collection, a symptom questionnaire called the Self Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20) was used. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Results: the prevalence of mental suffering among people with diabetes was 37.8%. In the depressed-anxious mood group, the most prevalent symptoms showed that 64% of diabetics felt nervous, tense or worried. As for the decrease in vital energy, 51.4% of diabetics got tired easily. For somatic symptoms, it was identified that 30.6% had unpleasant sensations in the stomach. As for depressive thoughts, it was found that 31.5% had difficulty making decisions. Conclusion: it is recommended to create comprehensive strategies and lines of care that minimize the psychosocial impacts caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in this population segment.

Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de angustia mental en personas con diabetes mellitus durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Método: estudio exploratorio transversal con una muestra de 111 personas con diabetes. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó un cuestionario de síntomas llamado Self Report Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20). El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultados: la prevalencia de sufrimiento mental entre las personas con diabetes fue del 37,8%. En el grupo de estado de ánimo depresivo-ansioso, los síntomas más prevalentes mostraron que el 64% de los diabéticos se sentían nerviosos, tensos o preocupados. En cuanto a la disminución de la energía vital, el 51,4% de los diabéticos se cansaban con facilidad. Para los síntomas somáticos, se identificó que el 30,6% presentaba sensaciones desagradables en el estómago. En cuanto a los pensamientos depresivos, se encontró que el 31,5% tenía dificultad para tomar decisiones. Conclusión: se recomienda crear estrategias y líneas de atención integrales que minimicen los impactos psicosociales provocados por la pandemia COVID-19 en este segmento de población.